[11] The bulk of the Enwang and Usukakpa are located in the present-day Akwa Ibom state. Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the Nsibidi script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. These they handcuffed, brought down to the canoes, and so proceeded up the river, till they got to the amount of 45, with whom they returned to New town, where sending to the captains of the shipping, they divided them among the ships.[56]. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. That is why Sisiku Ojong Orock after consultation with the other Ekpe members and Sisiku Mfonten Mbu decided to acquire his own Nkanda Lodge in April 2003. It may not display this or other websites correctly. The Ekpe society is the most renowned traditional institution in Efik history. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. Another theory which is narrated by Forde and Jones states that the name "Efik" translates to "Tyrants" or "He who oppresses" and was the name of which the Efik called themselves after they had settled at Creek town.[12]. (1985). LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. [32] At night when everyone had gone to sleep, the men from Uruan rose up and began to slaughter their hosts. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. kp lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. In the traditional Soninke tale of "Gasire's Lute", the son of the king contributes tragically to the fall of his kingdom when he: becomes too impatient to become king himself, gets his own sons killed in battle, becomes a poet-bard rather than wait to become king, causes his own people to rebel against his desire to keep fighting. [40] The outcome of the fall of the tree led to several deaths in their clan. [38] The Efik bard Adiaha Etim Anua recites in her 1910 ballad that "Mkpana Ndodoghi Edik. For the surname, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Art and Life in Africa: Eket Information" University of Iowa, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekpe&oldid=1101939539, This page was last edited on 2 August 2022, at 15:27. [82] The name Itu ita translates to three manatees and is named because the masts of the ship resembled the manatee (Itu). Working with both kp and Abaku leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th . During weddings, the bride wears at least two different nyny. [72] [39] At Ndodoghi, the Efik priest-king Ema Atai Ema Atai died and was succeeded by his son Eyo Ema Atai Ema Atai Iboku. The Efik Language and Its Future. The ethnic group to which most of the characters belong is the __________________people. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. The Osirica is a black Egyptian masonic order that existed in ancient Egypt. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. ekpe society cameroon - impactonoticia.news Ekpe Society Emblem, Ejaham, Cameroon Dog Fetish, Vili, Congo Mlbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire Nimba Mask, Baga, Guinea Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Bust of a Woman, 1931 Tte de taureau (Bull's Head), 1942 La chvre (The goat) 1950 Other references According to Simmons, "Most Informants maintain that the first people to Inhabit Creek Town were Efut fishermen from the southern Cameroons. It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. [64] They insisted that Obutong be completely destroyed. Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society originated from the Ekoi tribe in Cross River State. The remains will then be taken to Kepelle Village in Cameroon for burial after that. Tanzania and the Art of Africa | JTArtRave In this light, the Cameroon National Council of Traditional Rulers would be a welcomed . EKPE SOCIETY - Blogger The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. The Ekpe society requires that its initiates sponsor feasts for the town, which foster the appearance of the redistribution of wealth by providing the poor with food and drink. Ekpe - Wikipedia We are about loving, encouraging, embracing, teaching, and building with black people. [51] Nsutana was a dreaded island where twins were abandoned to die. Nsbd: An Indigenous Language of Communication in the Cross River [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. Nsibidi | Eneke The Bird quickly adapted to fulfil other economic and civil functions. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. Ralph Lauren on Twitter African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade: Volume 1, The Sources One of the most important castes in this society is the jeli caste. [16] Baikie said Ibibio are traced to the Igbo. Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Cuban Abaku Chants: Examining New Linguistic and Historical Evidence cherryblossom wrote on watzinaname's profile. [6] The most popular historical accounts of Efik migration attest a movement from Ibom in Arochukwu to Uruan and from Uruan to numerous settlements along the lower Cross river. Efik people - Wikipedia The Prestigious Ekpe Masquerade of Calabar | ngEmbassy [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. Worn as personal wrappers during initiations and at social events, ukara cloth distinguishes Ekpe members. The kp 'Leopard' Society of Africa and its Cuban Diaspora: A The Ekpe Masquerade Secret Cult of Efik People Of Nigeria Ekpe cult, the leopard cult, and a male masquerade cult of the Efik, in cross river state of Nigeria, followed by Doomsday cult (prediction of total destruction of planet earth), then the. . Eli Bentor, Professor of Art History at Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, speaks about the history of ukara cloth and moderates a discussi. Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop sai." The symbols are arranged in a grid, giving the cloths an orderly, symmetrical quality that is often reinforced by repeated patterns. the exhibition explores the long- The Ekpe society most likely originated among the Efik people of southern Nigeria and from there spread across other tribes and language groups in Southern Nigeria. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. You been do very proper for we, and now we want to keep proper mouth. [66] Animals such as goats, chicken and dogs are consumed in Efik cuisine. A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. [61] These papers were signed by the reigning monarchs of Creek town and Duke town who were Eyo Honesty II and Eyamba V.[61] King Eyamba and King Eyo had written letters to the British requesting that they bring in teachers to teach them trade and commerce and missionaries to aid them to know more about God. African literature has been disregarded as serious literature in the past because: Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the ______ script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. This exhibition examines the ukara cloth of the Ekpe secret society, a multi-ethnic all-male association in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, exploring both the longstanding cultural practice the cloth represents and the artistic process involved in its creation. Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. They migrated from Bateka and settled in their current location in flight. LEFT Ezillo man drawing a grid pattern to be filled with nsibidi designs, Ezillo, southeastern Nigeria. Due to the Obutong massacre of 1765 and several other incidents, the Ekpe society of Old Calabar was transformed into the Abaku cult in Cuba, the Bonk cult in Bioko and the Abakuya dance in mainland Equatorial Guinea. "Egbo" redirects here. As Sidney Kasfir has pointed to (in reference to the Ekpe society in southeastern Nigeria and adjoining Cameroon), material, performative, and ritual structures in masking are not fused together but can be used to different ends and can travel different paths ( Kasfir 2019: 15). In the culture we have discussed, the term jamu refers to: each person's family name, which connects the person to a famous character in the story of Sunjata. [69] The society is divided into five main grades such as Nkanda, Oku akama, Nyamkpe, Okpoho and Ebonko. PDF Hood MuseuM of Art, dArtMoutH College I bought a $140,000 mobile home in a million-dollar LA neighborhood and love it. Further Perspectives on Kifwebe Masquerades - MIT Press EKPE = ABAKUA: The Voice of The Leopard - Chief Yagbe Awolowo Onilu For the first time in history, Ekpe had a presentation at the highest institution of cultural anthropology in the world, the Smithsonian Museum. Abaku is an Afro-Cuban men's initiatory fraternity, or secret society, which originated from the Ekpe society in the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon. In its vastness, the Ekpe is a well structured society with semi-caste characteristics, in that, there are categories and titles which one may qualify to be initiated into, while others are strictly reserved for persons of certain status and backgrounds. The earliest documented letter to an English captain from a chief of Old Calabar was written in 1770. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors (ikan). Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. The Ekpe society had become, by the time Antera Duke began his diary in 1785, the Efik's primary socio-political institution. Children of Efik maternal descent are still regarded as Efik and have contributed to the development of the Efik society. The Neegee is a cannibalistic group that feeds on human flesh to satisfy their God, and to gain power from that God. The term igo has also been used for the organization's members. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century. . Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. Hugh, Goldie. In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". The year 1841 marked the official signing of papers by Efik kings to stop the exportation of slaves from Old Calabar. The earliest list of Efik traders is provided in Jean Barbot's manuscript which was later printed in 1732. He views the Cuban initiation system known as Abaku, which was based on kp society, as a collective way for African descendants to maintain their historical memory. of Bamum, of Cameroon in his kingly attire seated on the throne with his chiefs flanked round him (Plate 2). The Efik people occupy the basins of the Lower Cross River, down to southwestern Cameroon including Bakassi, the Calabar River and down to its streams - the Kwa River, Akpayafe (Akpa Ikang) and the Eniong Creek. One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. Her behavior at the board meeting was obsequious\mathit{obsequious}obsequious; for example, she actually offered to wash the company president's car! Over the years, the Victorian dress has been modified and given what is regarded as a dignified African look. [65] Although the missionaries and rulers of Creek town and Duke town protested, their protests fell on deaf ears. Types of African Print Fabrics You Should Know Of - Fashinza clothing stores in columbia mall The Efik (Calabar) caste structure of Ekpe . The group is a mutual aid society known for elaborate street dances and very high. The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. [58] Antera Duke also known as Ntiero Edem Efiom was an Efik trader whose diary reveals several daily activities in Old Calabar between 1785 and 1788. Another account from the Qua claimed that Ekpe (Mgbe) migrated from Cameroon. Each grade has a chieftain or an Obong. Simple theme. Powered by, Ukara cloth detail, Etara community, Cross River State, Nigeria, Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Diaspora, Introduction: Spirit Dancers, Water Deities & Mystics in the Cross River Basin and in Cuba, Upcoming film project: Seven year kp ritual cycle, Ntufam Bob Oku literature, music and drawings, Calabar Mgb International Journal / Revista Internacional, Calabar-Cuba Radio with Ene Ita and Ivor Miller, Manyu kp Funeral Rites in Yaounde, 2019, Ivor Miller research archive at Amherst College, Manyu kp procession in Yaound, March 29, 2019, Poster for funeral of Seseku Stephen Tataw (1948-2019), Tortoise shell instrument is played in the funerary procession, kp mask purifies the hearse before the procession begins, Funerary shrine representing the sacred forest of kp, kp members surround the shrine for the final rites. The Ekpe was vested with the powers of policing and bringing justice to the Efik kingdom. Ibibio - People in southern Nigeria - Native Breed.org Sunjata's aunt, Tenenba Conde, childless herself, must raise the child Fakoli, son of Kosiya Kante, after Kosiya sacrifices herself for her brother's sake. At Ughoton, to the southwest of Benin, a different type of mask is used, in the cult. We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. "[18] References to the Igbo origin of the Efik were also made at the Hart's enquiry into the Obongship dispute where Etubom Efiom Obo Effanga asserted that the term "Iboku" meant quarrelsome Igbos. Laws were passed to halt several practices regarded as unchristian. There are said to be at least three mass migration from Ndodoghi. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. The history of the Efik is one of the most documented in subsaharan Africa. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . The indigenous drums of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon are distinctive for their "wedge and ring" method of tightening the skin. Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. Sunjata's half-brother, Dankaran Touman, enrages Sunjata and nearly causes civil war by: murdering an innocent young man, thinking he is Sunjata. Nigeria Has Never Exercised Rule Over Bakassi Even in Traditional Society The Freemasonry's affiliation to the Imhotep is clearly evident and this is probably why they are accused of several conspiracy theories, since their objective is geared towards the restructuring and controlling of global affairs. This site uses cookies to help personalize content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. [62][63] The first missionaries arrived in 1846. The Ekale and their famous shaking shoulders performing at the "Under the Volcano Festival", Limbe Cameroon. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. by Web Services Editor. Ukara are made exclusively for members of the Ekpe society, an interethnic men's association found throughout southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. Iwewe is a type of boiled yam mashed with a small amount of palm oil and stirred with a spoon. [51] The Enwang people who were fishing at Duke town saw the twins approaching and fled in terror saying "Mbiomo oduk ine"(English: A curse has befalling our fishing sites). The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). [74][75] The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the Benue -Congo subfamily of the Niger - Congo language group. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the . [59] Ekpe is first mentioned in the historical literature of Old Calabar in the 1770s. Also i want bomb and shell. Several periods have been estimated by foreign scholars and indigenous historians. These missionaries together with King Eyo Honesty II brought several changes to Old Calabar society. Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. The traditional attire for men usually consists of a white long-sleeved shirt, a long broad soft neckerchief or scarf of costly material (Efik: kpmkpm) and a wrapper tied around the waist (Efik: Usobo).[83]. [52] The missionaries respected the native law but the European Captains acted rashly and desired that an example be set on Obutong. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as Eye of the Needle - Ken Follett 2015-07-07 The worldwide phenomenon from the bestselling author of The Pillars of the Earth, World [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. Transformation of the kp Masquerade in the African Diaspora Other trading items sold by the Efik included rubber, ivory, barwood and redwood. Some other clothings introduced into the market include smit, brutanya, isadh and nkisi. The cloth is then dipped in indigo dye and hung to dry. [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. laja Tachiri Obi Ruo gwgw: O Nyefere lasha r Ya ekpe society cameroon - workex.jobs [53] It was common for Efik traders to take up trading names during the period of the transatlantic slave trade. With the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, a number of foreign clothes were introduced into Efik society. In the culture we have discussed, the term nyama refers to: the power which exists in all things, which can be controlled only by special persons. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. kp had four major roles in pre-colonial life. The traditional institution of manyu division cameroon 1990 2011 an [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. Long time we no look Man-of-War as Blount promise one Frenchman come make plenty palaver for slave when we can't get them. The missionaries who arrived in 1846 contributed to the changes in women's attire in Efik society. These artists sew the white cloths with raffia thread so that parts of the ukara (in a pattern of nsibidi symbols) will not be exposed during the dyeing process. All Ekpe members are hereby reminded that under Ekpe custom, we do not leave the lifeless body of our warriors in the battle field, and we certainly do not leave the remains of an Ekpe chief unguarded. Ukara cloth, an indigo stitched and dyed cloth is significant to the people of Igbo land. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. [22] This is further proven by Talbot who proves that other ethnicities appended the name "Eburutu" or "Oburutu" to their ethnic names. [51] Due to the custom of killing twins, Edem Efiom is said to have aided Okoho Efiom in sneaking out of Creek town to Nsutana. The papers include photographs, audio and video recordings, publications, correspondence and printed material primarily relating to Miller's study of the linguistic, musical and ritual influence of West African kp society (predominantly in Nigeria and Cameroon) on . Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. Prior to Akak, the theory were proposed at the Hart's enquiry by Chief Offiong Abasi Ntiero Effiwatt and Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku.[25][26]. [37] The Uruan invasion at Ikpa Ene is believed to be the origin of the Efik saying, "Ama okut Ibibio, ku n enye ika, Idem amasat Ibibio eyewot owo"(English: When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you).