The spirit called ;arrack is a difficult spirit to locate in some regions, but for a cocktail enthusiast it is a very important ingredient to acquire. 48 6. To start the fermentation, local fermented red rice is combined with local yeast to give a unique flavor and smell of the distillate. Sweeten to taste with loaf-sugar dissolved in hot water. Aroma: Coconut, vanilla and chocolate. . It's speculated that Indonesians learned distillation from Chinese traders: the Chinese have been distilling alcohol since at least the 1100s and some suggest since long before then. [11] It is considered the "rum" of Indonesia because, like rum, it is distilled from sugarcane. Lemons and limes are also matter of palate, but two lemons are enough for the above quantity ; put then an equal quantity of wateri.e., not five but six glasses to allow for the lemon juice, and you have three very pretty tumblers of punch. Batavia was the name of the capital city of the Dutch East Indies, and corresponds to the present day city of Jakarta. Batavia-Arrack is said to enhance flavor when used as a component in other products, such as pastries (like the Finnish Runeberg torte or the Dresdner Stollen ), or in the confectionery and flavor industries. If the only reason you're buying arrack is to make punsch, then you might as well just buy Swedish Punsch. The word derived from the Arabic word arak (, araq), meaning 'distillate'. 2008-2023. Get the info you need to set up the home bar of your dreams, or at least to make yourself some tasty, good-looking sips! SKU. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Batavia arrack is actually a type of rum but is distinguished by the special red Javanese rice which is malted, made into cakes and put into the molasses. Batavia arrack - Bays | British History Online Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. There are people who do not enjoy the bitterness of grapefruit juice, so those people tend to []. Batavia Arrack in Seattle : r/cocktails - reddit.com It is also available in France and Germany. Batavia Arrack van Oosten | Order Online - Curiada If the cocktail has a lot of character, Batavia arrack can provide a heavier underlying palate.. His death was so avoidable", "Family blames local drink for teacher's holiday death", "Poisoned nurse back home in Newcastle - ABC (none) - Australian Broadcasting Corporation", "Filipinos are the world's biggest consumers of gin, but", "Colonization and Alcoholic Beverages of Early Visayans from Samar and Leyte", The Philippine Islands, 14931898 (Volume XXXIII, 15191522), "Distilleries Company - 'One of the World's Greatest Privatisation Stories', "The Alcohol and Drug information Centre", A philosophical and statistical history of the inventions and customs of ancient and modern nations in the manufacture and use of inebriating liquors, History of alcoholic drinks in ancient India, Consumption of alcohol vs other drinks in India, Global comparison of Per capital consumption, List of countries by beer consumption per capita, Association Against the Prohibition Amendment, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arrack&oldid=1135775356, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2020, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. In 1796, the French scholar, political and rum connoisseur Joseph-Francois Charpentier de Cossigny wrote that " l'araque de Batavia is of better quality than Jamaica rum, a fact that even the English must concede ". . To clarify the punch, slowly pour the lemon . Indonesia- Batavia Arrack is a distillate based on 100% sugar-cane molasses, produced exclusively on the island of Java, Indonesia, dated back to the 17th century. Even though we haven't seen a credible citation or source of any old . libby watson on Twitter: "anyone in LA got a bottle of batavia arrack This sets it apart from traditional Rum, and some jurisdictions refuse to allow Bativia Arrack to be labeled as rum even though the spirit is derived from sugar-cane. By the Dutch Batavia Arrack (Indonesian Rum) Batavia-Arrack van Oosten - Wine-Searcher [3] Today punsch is drunk warm as an accompaniment to yellow split pea soup, or chilled as an after dinner drink accompanied with coffee (especially during dinner parties at student nations). Help 1000 Corks by bookmarking and sharing it: To add it to your blog or web page cut and paste the code below: By The Dutch Batavia Arrack 96pf Special Order, Batavia Arrack van Oosten | Astor Wines & Spirits, Shipping info for Peppino's Liquors & Wines, Shipping info for Petrocks Wine and Liquors, Shipping info for Gordon's Wines and Liquors, 2023 Van Oosten - Batavia-Arrack function vrfemail(email) { var memail = document.ems.memail; if (memail.value=="") { alert("Please enter your email address"); memail.focus(); retu, Shipping info for Georgio's Liquors Waltham, Shipping info for Georgio's Liquors Billerica, Shipping info for Schneider's of Capitol Hill, Shipping info for Connecticut Avenue Wine & Liquor, Batavia Arrack van Oosten Sugarcane Spirit. The sap is harvested into bamboo receptacles similar to rubber tapping, then cooked or fermented to produce a mildly-alcoholic coconut toddy called tub. The spirit became popular during the 17th century when spice traders from the Dutch. Molasses arrack is the least-processed kind and considered the common kind. Batavia Arrack1/2 oz. Downton Abbey Inspired Cocktails - Life-Uncorked 6 lemons. It recent years China and Sweden have been the main customers for Batavia Arrack, the latter buying in bulk for blending to make Swedish Punsch. simple syrupTalisker 10 year rinse (or other smoky Scotch) Combine Batavia Arrack, lime juice, and simple syrup in a shaker. [24], Sri Lanka is the largest producer of coconut arrack and up until 1992 the government played a significant role in its production.[26][27]. By the Dutch White Batavia Arrack - Indonesian Rum bataviaarrack photos on Flickr | Flickr Sri Lanka's largest manufacturers, listed in order based on their 2007 annual production of arrack,[30] are: Ceylon Arrack, a brand of Sri Lankan coconut arrack, was recently launched in the UK in 2010. Stir in the . Haus Alpenz Batavia Arrack van Oosten Different arracks go by various different names across some of Indonesia's 17,000-odd islands. Cheat Sheet: Arak vs. Arrack - Bevvy Indonesia. This molasses wine is then distilled in traditional Chinese stills to 65% before being stored in terracotta vases. But the traditional way to drink Swedish Punsch is warmed and served alongside pea soup. Batavia Arrack | Rum, Tiki & Exotic Cocktails The recipe comes from Cali Gold and John Gersten. Perla Negra Arrack Cocktail Recipe - Thrillist Batavia Arrack is found in everything from European chocolates to cocktail bars in Bali. Ingredients: el s, The location. That didn't exactly catch on here in the States, but you can sip punsch straightover ice or warmed (add a little lemon juice or a few lemon slices, if you like things tart like I do). From the late 17th to 19th century, in an age when "Punch" was a celebration of all things then exoticcitrus, sugar, and spiceno Punch was without a true Batavia Arrack. The true arrack is said to be distilled from toddy, the fermented juice of the coconut flower. By themselves, their existence seems erroneous: How could something that tastes like that be useful in any way? says Guillermo Bravo, a Chicago-based beverage director. 1 oz Orgeat syrup. The term "arak," though, is specifically used in Ilocano. Having read the above you may be interested in our page on raki. NagaRum - History & origin I found that cachaa is a truly satisfying replacement for the traditional arrack-rum mixtureand cachaa's a lot easier to track down. Arrack is a distilled alcoholic drink typically produced in India, Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, made from the fermented sap of coconut flowers or sugarcane, and also with grain (e.g. It is however, frequently distilled from rice and sugar, fermented with the cocoa-nut juice. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Helpfully, Arrack does have two predominate styles and origins, 'Ceylon Arrack' distilled from palm sap in Sri Lanka and 'Batavia Arrack' distilled from molasses in Java, Indonesia. Bali's sweet rice wine, brem, fermented from black glutinous rice, is rarely distilled. Remove the tea bag, add the sugar to the hot tea, and mix into a syrup. Batavia Arrack - Difford's Guide Arrack is an alcoholic liquor typically distilled from the sap of the coconut palm or from rice. Things To Do: Try Some Swedish Punsch, Ya? | Houston Press It is made by the mixing of spirits ( arrack, brandy or rum) with arrak tea (lemon & spices), sugar, and water, [2] and was first brought to Sweden from Java in 1733. In the Eastern Mediterranean, the term arak is usually used for liquor distilled from grapes and flavored with anise. The first step results in "low wine", a liquid with an alcohol content between 20 and 40%. Batavia Arrack | Total Wine & More Take 1 quart of old Batavia Arrack. Regardless of the exact origin, arrack has come to symbolize a multitude of largely unrelated, distilled alcohols produced throughout Asia and the eastern Mediterranean. Batavia arrack was also popular in 18th century London as the original base spirit for punch. Copyright Read more about this in my Privacy Policy. Arrack even might be mixed in cocktails as a substitute for the required pieces of either rum or whiskey. Arrack | Buy Wine, Spirits and Beer Online or Locally | 1000 Corks Grapefruit juice is a relatively common ingredient in cocktails, with the perennial favourite being the Greyhound, but the Paloma is better. Like rum, Batavia-arrack is often a blend of different original parcels. "[2], Arrack was banned in the states of Kerala in 1996,[8] and Karnataka on 1 July 2007.[9][10]. 3 wine-glasses of Jamaica rum. March 17, 2020. Other bartenders are immediately struck by Batavia arracks close similarities to rum. Mix the infusion with the tea syrup. Named after Javas 17th-century, Dutch-colonized capital, Batavia arrack is among the oldest-known distilled spirits, and predates even rum (which would later surpass its predecessor in popularity, playing a part in pushing Batavia to the back shelf). It was like understanding that obscure band your too-cool friends are obsessed with. Van Oosten - Batavia - Arrack (750ml) Van Oosten - Batavia-Arrack (750ml) available at The Wine and Cheese Place in St Louis, MO. With the growth in arak production and popularity, more deaths from methanol poisoning were reported. Cocktail of the week: Hoppers bar's Arrack Attack coconut cocktail i need like 3oz for this clarified milk punch i want to make and i am fixating on it. It's comprised of a very specific range of Pot still distillates. Premium clear is generally not aged, but often distilled and/or filtered multiple times to soften its taste. So in addition to the fun of brewing up your own Swedish sailor grog, DIY is more practical than dropping 35 bucks on a hard-to-find ingredient. The specialists of E&A Scheer can provide you with suitable advice on the use of Batavia Arrack in various markets. Swedish punsch is actually a combination of Batavia arrack (the liquor), sugar, tea with a hint of spice, and citrus. 1 oz Batavia arrack 1 oz demerara rum (Lemon Hart) 1 oz lime juice dash Angostura I served it over rocks in a tiki mug with a big straw. The finish has a slight woody bitterness, that isnt unpleasant. Did you like this? Special arrack, which is produced in the highest volume, nearly doubling in production between 2002 and 2007. #cocktails #drinks #cocktailbars, 7 of the Best Bars in Berlin for a Delicious Cocktail, 11 of the Best Restaurants and Bars in Chattanooga for a Cocktail, 5 Cranberry Gin Cocktails That Will Make Spirits Bright, The Ultimate Guide to All the Kansas City Distilleries. Some of the arrack brand produced by Batavia Arak Company were KWT (produced in the Bandengan (Kampung Baru) area of old Jakarta) and OGL. Indonesian arak containing methanol has caused both local and tourist deaths from methanol toxicity. Words by Simon Difford & Theodora Sutcliffe. 1 pound of loaf-sugar. It comes across as vegetal to me. In Sweden and Finland, batavia-arrack has historically been mixed with other ingredients in order to make Swedish punsch (now available in prepackaged bottles). Funky Batavia arrack complemented by grapefruit syrup, fresh lime and maraschino liqueur. Since 1972 it has been Jakarta). The traditional way to serve Swedish Punsch is to warm it and pair it with a bowl of pea soup. I use Batavia arrack like a spice, Bravo says. If the cocktail has a lot of character, Batavia arrack can provide a heavier underlying palate.. Some posts here on Cocktails Away contain affiliate links, which means I earn a small commission if you click one of these links at no extra expense to you. Made from sugar cane (molasses) and fermented (Javanese) red rice, this spirit is likely the precursor to rum. The Toddy Tappers (the name of the people who climb the palm trees and collect the sap) gather the sap and place it in barrels, which are sent to central collection points and graded. Outside Asia, the spirit was a common ingredient in the proliferation of Indian alcoholic punch, and was particularly popular in Holland and Sweden. 'Bridging the Gulf: Maritime Cultural Heritage of the Western Indian Ocean', Manohar Publishers, New Delhi", Arrack ban in Karnataka from tomorrow Economic Times, "Vodka and lime killed a 19-year-old Aussie. Another popular ingredient used in the classic punch is Maraschino liqueur. Its bottled at elevated proof without aging and combines smoky fruitiness with a perfect funkiness. 2 oz Batavia-Arrack van Oosten. Of interest is the White Label Arrack which is a crystal clear coconut distillate, which would be equivalent to white rum. Batavia Arrack was first imported to Gothenburg, Sweden from Java in 1733 by Swedish East India Company as part of the hugely profitable spice trade and it's no coincidence that spices such as nutmeg also feature prominently in punches. i have everything but the looza. Add a Little Funk to Your Cocktails - By the Dutch Batava Arrack In a large jar, combine the citrus zests with the Cognac; let stand at room temperature overnight. It is a pot still distillation. Remove the lemons without squeezing them. The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets said the origin of "advocaat" lie with Dutch colonialists trying to imitate the creamy mixture of avocado ("advocaat") pulp, cane sugar, and rum they had been offered in Brazil, substituting egg yolk for the exotic fruit. Tippleman's Double Spiced Falernum Cocktail Syrup (or cinnamon simple syrup). On the island of Madura, arrack is often sold containing a snake, which is believed to give the spirit an extra kick. Category: SpiritsSub category: Arrackalc./vol: 48, Category: SpiritsSub category: Arrackalc./vol: 50, Showing It's a simple, three-ingredient cocktail made with Calvados (1 1/2 ounces), Swedish Punsch (half an ounce) and fresh grapefruit juice (3/4 ounce), but it had such an unusual flavor that I had to have another. how to print avery 5395 labels in word; Tags . The flavors come together in a way that tastes familiar but exciting. While it certainly tops the charts in sheer number of ingredients, each one is important. Balinese arrack, spelt arak, is distilled from tuak, the fermented sap of the palm (AKA palm wine,) which is harvested by cutting the undeveloped flower bud. Named after Javas 17th-century, Dutch-colonized capital, Batavia arrack is among the oldest-known distilled spirits, and predates even rum (which would later surpass its predecessor in popularity, playing a part in pushing Batavia to the back shelf). Regent's Punch Recipe - David Wondrich - Food & Wine 70% ABV. 1 pound of loaf-sugar. This time, however, I am testing the new White Batavia Arrack bottled at 48%. Please correct the marked field(s) below. [33] This is likely due to influences of the East India Company, which controlled St Helena and used it as a halfway point between India and England.[34]. A mash-up of the Queen Park Swizzle and classic punch. A New Batavia Arrack from By the Dutch - Cocktail Wonk Trade routes brought the spirit to the Western world, where Batavia arrack enjoyed great popularity in the 18th and 19th centuries, establishing itself as an essential ingredient in punchalso a colonial import from the same region. The entire distillation process is completed within 24 hours. Arrack Attack | Kindred Cocktails Arrack Attack 1 12 oz Batavia Arrack 12 oz Cynar 12 oz Ginger liqueur, Canton 12 oz Lime juice 1 ds Bitters, Fee Brothers Whiskey Barrel Aged 18 pn Salt (tiny amount) 1 sli Lime (as garnish) Instructions Shake, strain, rocks, low ball, lime wheel History Mentioned in the Boston Globe. Get fresh recipes, cooking tips, deal alerts, and more! By The Dutch Batavia Arrack 8-Year | Rum Ratings Arak is usually sold on the black market, without regulation, where methanol is sometimes added to make the arak stronger [21], A Filipino term for distilled and undistilled alcoholic drinks in general is alak, derived from the Arabic word "arrak". Los Angeles, CA Bangladesh Portland, OR Vancouver, B.C., Canada Geneva, Switzerland Paris, France Boca del Toro, Panama Kyoto, Japan. The British East India Company was also in on the act and as Punch Houses became fashionable in London the company shipped the arrack, citrus fruit, sugar and spice, which along with water are the five essential components of a punch, into London's East India Docks. The tub, which by itself is also a popular beverage, is further distilled to produce lambang (or laksoy, if made from nipa palm sap). It wasnt until 2007, when Haus Alpenz started bringing Batavia arrack back into the United Stateswith the guidance of punch expert and cocktail historian David Wondrich, the importer settled on the van Oosten brandthat the spirit began reappearing on cocktail menus. Unlike arak, the word arrack has been considered by some experts to be derived from areca nut, a palm seed originating in India from the areca tree and used as the basis for many varieties of arrack. Take 2 wine-glasses of Batavia Arrack (old). DIY Swedish Punsch Recipe - Serious Eats Batavia Arrack can be distinguished from other rums by the addition of fermented red rice, called Qu or Chu, in the process of fermenting the molasses. The depth and slight funkiness of the Batavia-Arrack makes the perfect substitute for rum in the Caribbean classic. Batavia Arrack | Buy Wine, Spirits and Beer Online or Locally - 1000 Corks . The Dutch have a long history with Indonesia (i.e. About Batavia Arrack van Oosten. Porchlight beverage director Nick Bennett, a big fan of the spirit, shares the rum sentiment: The first time I ever really came across Batavia arrack was while I tended bar at the (now-defunct) rum-based bar El Cobre, he says. How to Use Batavia Arrack in Cocktails - The Strategic Sourcing Hub by Numerous recipes for punches made using arrack feature in the earliest bartending books such as William Terrington's 1869 Cooling Cups and Danty Drinks and Jerry Thomas' 1876 The Bar-tenders Guide in which (on page 30) he writes under the title "Arrack", "Most of the arrack imported into this country is distilled from rice, and comes from Batavia. Batavia refers to the capital city of the Island of Java, which is now modern-day Jakarta. Terms of Service apply. But, on an interesting note, Swedish Punch is a very sweet liqueur, so I believe that Imperial Arrack Punch is the proper recipe (see the end of this article for recipes). The Vereenigde Oost Indische, the Dutch East India Company, had a monopoly on the trade of this spirit in Europe. Tags arak arrack batavia arrack Cheat Sheet featured. Its not uncommon to find history repeating itself in the drinks world: is back, and many of the worlds oldest and most storied spirits are making a comeback. also a colonial import from the same region. and agree to receive news and updates from PUNCH and Vox Media. batavia arrack substitute - dramaresan.com It is typically made in Indian or Southeast Asia, which makes sense given its base ingredients. 3 Then let it cool. And, at the risk of offending hardcore Swedish Punsch enthusiasts, it's just not something most people will use that often. Batavia Arrack Van Oosten Cocktails - Easy Cocktail Ideas There are many different ways to drink arrack. [22][23][24], The Italian explorer, Antonio Pigafetta, stated that the arrack that he drank in Palawan and nearby islands in 1521 was made from distilled rice wine. The alcohol content is normally not over 25%, although it has a high sugar content of nearly 30%. Batavia Arrack can therefore be translated as "the strong liqueur of Jakarta. Native alcohol that are traditionally distilled include lambang and laksoy, which are made from the sap of palm flowers. Batavia arrack is a funky Southeast Asian spirit based on sugarcane and rice, and named for Java's seventeenth century Dutch-colonized capital, Batavia. Batavia Arrack is a distillate based on 100% sugar-cane molasses (rum), produced exclusively on the island of Java, Indonesia, dated back to the 17th century. Used for making cocktails and classically various forms of spiked punch. Coconut arrack is traditionally consumed by itself or with ginger beer, a popular soda in Sri Lanka. While it contains a lot of ingredients, its very smooth. In his Jakartian Peardition, it does the latter, providing a foundation for pear brandy and sherry, whose warmth is complemented by spicy cinnamon syrup and tart citrus, effectively turning a bright, summery drink into something warm and fortifying. 35ml arrack - we use Ceylon Arrack. Categories . Notes: Swedish punch is traditionally made with gold rum and Batavia Arrack, a southeastern Asian liquor made from sugar cane and red rice. Such is the case for Batavia arrack, a funky molasses- and rice-based spirit that originated on the Indonesian island of Java. Just like vodka, Indonesian arrack (spelt arak in the national language, Bahasa Indonesia) can be made from pretty much anything - from rice or molasses to palm nectar and pineapple waste. The other thing that makes Arrack important is that it is used to make Swedish Punch, which is made from arrack, sugar and citrus fruit, and is used in a lot of classic cocktails. Its not uncommon to find history repeating itself in the drinks world: Early modern cocktails are ripe for revival, disco is back, and many of the worlds oldest and most storied spirits are making a comeback. No punch was made without a true Batavia Arrack. The liquor ranges in alcohol content, from 33-50% ABV. Pierre Ferrand Dry Curacao) Cocktail summary [3] It is also claimed to have been distilled in India in 800 BC, but while palm wine and fermented sugar-cane drinks were being made around this time period not all believe that formal distillation was taking place.[5]. lime juice1/2 oz. Something in my palate and brain just clicked, Bravo says, describing the flavor notes as vegetal leather, fermented apricot and that fuel-soaked clove taste., Though on its own, the spirit skews divisive, when used in conjunction with other flavors it can be transformative. The term essentially means "distilled spirit", and arracks have been recorded in Indonesia since at least the 1300s. To these considerations may be added, that in Malabar the tree which yields the material from which this oriental beverage is produced is termed areca, and, among the Tungusians, Calmucks, Kirghizes, and other hordes, koumiss, in its ardent state, is known by the general term, "Arrack or Rak." Origin of Advocaat - By the Dutch Batavia-Arrack van Oosten is a more recently available brand.[12]. The nga is a mythical being of Hinduism, but the word also means basically: serpent. It is but little used in America, except to flavor punch; the taste of it is very agreeable in this mixture. The spirit arrack is the base ingredient in most punsches, also imported into Europe by the Dutch from their colony in Batavia, Dutch East Indies. Because Batavia Arrack is hard to find, I've substituted cachaa, a Brazilian spirit made with fermented and distilled sugarcane juice. Lime wedge. 1 quart of boiling water. Once you find a bottle, you can start to experiment with this very special spirit. In Indonesia, arrack is often created as a form of moonshine. Raffles Cocktail In fact, the same importer that brings Kronen Swedish Punsch to the States also distributes Batavia Arrack van Oosten (aka The One Kind of Arrack You'll Find in the US). Mr. Halhed, in the preface to his Grammar of the Bengal language, says, that he was astonished to find a strong similitude between the Persian, Arabian, and even the Latin and Greek languages, not merely in technical and metaphorical terms, which the mutation of refined arts or improved manners might have incidentally introduced, but in the very groundwork of language in monosyllables in the names of numbers, and the appellations which would be first employed on the immediate dawn of civilisation. Since then, I got around to trying Batavia-Arrack, and would describe it to be like funky white rum with some red bean/rice/notes. How to Use Batavia Arrack in Cocktail Recipes | PUNCH Caer Maiko, co-creator of the Austin-based pop-up Daijoubu, likewise combines the spirit with a blend of citrus (lemon, pomelo, mandarin, yuzu) in her Adios Motherfucker riff, Hello Motherf*cker. If you're a purist who will get the vapors from making a recipe that isn't 100% authentic, you can make this recipe with a combination of 1 part Batavia arrack and 1 part Jamaican gold rum instead of cachaa. This last arrack cocktail recipe is so flavorful and complex. The now-famous Dutch rum brokers were primarily large traders of Batavia Arrack. Williams uses it in his riff on the Hemingway Daiquiri, the Hemingway in Europe, in which he contrasts those round, funky notes with super tart grapefruit syrup, fresh lime and maraschino liqueur. Posted on June 16, 2022 by June 16, 2022 by Other than water, the entire manufacturing process revolves around the fermentation and distillation of a single ingredient, the sap of unopened flowers from a coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). A single tree may contribute up to two litres per day. Van Oosten - Batavia-Arrack (750ml) available at Brooklyn Wine Company in Brooklyn, NY, Batavia Arrack is pot-distilled from molasses that is fermented with Red Javanese Rice on the Island of Java, Indonesia; the fermentation with rice which explains some of the surprising flavors found, Van Oosten - Batavia-Arrack available at Stone Ridge Wine & Spirits in Stone Ridge, NY, Van Oosten - Batavia-Arrack available at Georgio's Liquors - Billerica, Ma in Billerica, Ma, Van Oosten - Batavia-Arrack (750ml) available at Connecticut Avenue Wine & Liquor in Washington, DC, Its Javanese origins pre-date the arrival of the Dutch in the islands at the start of the 17th century.
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